![]() ![]() For a further discussion of Javanese gendhing, see Miller & Williams (1998 : 659-663).ģ. ![]() Among the Madurese gending means melody, but agendingan means singing or playing a melody (Penninga and Hendriks 1913 : 101). Arps (2009 : 19) glosses gendhing with song, while Hasan Ali translates gendhingan with bernyanyi (sing¬ ing), for which in Central Java the word tembang or sekar are used (Miller & Williams 1998 : 663), while the Sundanese of West Java speak of mamaos (song) (Van Zanten 1989 : 16 Williams 2001 : 4, 36-37). In the Osing language in which these verses are sung, the word gendhing refers to the verses them¬ selves (Hasan Ali 2004 : 134) rather than, as in Central and West Java, to instrumental music, melody, ensemble, or, dubiously, even an instrument (Vetter 1984 : 173 Van Zanten 1989 : 13, 33, 109). A final thanks go to the BEFEO' s peer reviewers whose remarks made me rethink some aspects of this article.Ģ. ![]() Dominikus Rato of the Universitas Jember for discussions and the loan of his fieldnotes from Banyuwangi, to Kathy Foley for making many useful suggestions, and to Penny O'Connor for performing her librarian's magic. Thanks are also due to Ibu Fatma and Pak Imam for their various inputs and enthusiasm. Ben Arps and Ibu Nahariah without whose assistance and continued interest this project would not have been possible. Ayu Sutarto and the Kompyawisda Foundation of Jember, East Java for facilitating my stay in East Java. ![]()
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